[--- Notes on how to read SGZ ---]

The Records of the Three Kingdoms are more than 1700 years old, and because of that the way of writing that the author uses is much different than the Chinese we use in our day and age. People who read this are expected to at least understand the fundamental basics of Chinese. To help understand words, sentence syntax and juxta positions of words, I am writing these notes to you, the reader of SGZ. These notes will be revised many times and sometimes I might even have to correct them. So check back regularly to see what’s new.

$Nouns \ Adjectives \ Misc$

Character Introductions in SGZ:
Most biographies of officers that are not related to the lord they serve start with the exact same syntax. Which is Family Name - Personal Name - 字 - Style Name. The word 字 indicates that the following name is the person’s style name, which is a sort of familiar name used for family and close friends. So if we read: 张辽字文远 - we know that it means: Zhang Liao styled Wenyuan. For people like Cao Cao, it gets more complicated because Cao Cao has many names due to his position in the Empire.
His biography starts like this: 太祖武皇帝，沛国谯人也，姓曹，讳操，字孟德，汉相国参之后. This is a much more complicated sentence, but easy to disect if you just know the syntax. People who are declared Kings or Emperor before or after their death, are always addressed by their temple name (which is given after they die). In Han tradition all the Emperors got the prefix “Xiao” or “Filial” before their title. So Emperor Xian would become: Xiao Xian Di. Anyways, back to Cao Cao. His temple name (太祖) Tai Zu, means Grand Progenitor, and it is what Cao Cao is called in most instances in SGZ. Next is the Post-Humous title that he received after his son Cao Pi ascended the throne as Emperor Wen, his title (武皇帝) can be translated to Martial Emperor, but is more generally translated as Emperor Wu.
After his formal titles are announced, they tell you where the person is from: 沛国谯人也. The sentence starts with the smallest administrative district first, so generally it is :couty - commandery, or prefecture / commandery. In this case it starts wih Pei Country/State in Qiao. The last two characters read: 人也. This simply means that he is a man from the aforementioned places. Ren meaning person, and Ye being the final confirmation. In classical Chinese, Ye 也 is used to confirm things (like origin) and should not be used the way we use it now, which is as the word “also”.
The next part is pretty simple but contains another trick: 姓曹，讳操. Which reads: Xing Cao, Hui Cao. Xing is also used in modern Chinese, and indicates the name of your family. But in modern chinese we use the word Ming (名) for our personal names. But, in classical Chinese that word is not used, so we use Hui (讳) instead. The final part of Cao Cao’s intro sentence talks about his lineage: 汉相国参之后. Which reads: Han Xiang Guo Can Zhi Hou. Han of course stands for the Dynasty, Xiangguo is a rank (Chancellor of State), Can is the name of the forefather, and Zhihou indicates the the object of this sentence (Cao Cao) is a descendant from the aforementioned person. Because the context already provided us with the family name Cao, we can conclude that Cao Cao is a descendant of Cao Can, former Han Chancellor of State. The last trick here is: 之后 which means afterwards in modern Chinese, but is here used to indicate lineage.
For people related to rulers or officers, like brothers and sons, their intro is a little different. After their name, they state how they are related to the aforementioned person. Take Sun Jing for example, his bio starts like this: 孙静字幼台，坚季弟也。. The first part we already know, we just covered that, the second part reads: Jian Ji Di Ye. Just like in the example with Cao Can, the family name has already been establish (Sun), so we read [Sun] Jian’s older brother. Ji (季) means season in modern chinese, but Jidi means older brother in classical chinese. Another example would be Sun Liang: 孙亮，字子明，权少子也. The second part reads: Quan Shao Zi Ye. [Sun] Quan’s youngest son. See how simple the syntax of these sentences is? Once more, here are most common intros for SGZ bios:
[Officer] Family Name Personal Name Zhi Stylename. Location in Commandery Ren Ye.
[Three Kingdoms Emperor/Important Figures] Temple Name Title, Xing Family Name, Hui Personal Name, Zhi Stylename, Location in Commandery Ren Ye, Title, Dynasty or both - ancestor Zhihou ye.
[Relative of Aforementioned Officer/Ruler] Family Name Personal Name Zhi Stylename, [Family Name] Personal name of relative - relation to character ye.

Word List:
This is a general word list of common words found in SGZ. The meaning may vary from the current modern meaning, but that is because the Chinese from Chen Shou’s time is very different than it is now. Now without anymore delay, the words:

Nouns/Adjectives/Misc:

Hanzi:	Pinyin:	Description
安营	An Ying	To set up a camp.
败	Bai	To be defeated: to be beaten in battle or even worse: to be annihilated by.
拜	Bai	To be given rank: preceding object of sentence is given the rank of whatever follows.
奔	Ben	To escape: to flee from somewhere to another place which usually follows this noun.
壁	Bi	To fortify: to erect walls around a place, to guard it with soldiers and wait for the enemy.
别	Bie	Seperate: can be used in combination with other nouns, such as “别遣” which means to go out seperately or with a seperate force.
兵	Bing	Soldiers: people who fight in the army.
赐爵	Ci Jue	To be conferred the title of: precedes a title of nobility for object of the sentence.
盛	Cheng	Moral: the will of people or soldiers to accomplish the set goal.
从	Cong	To follow: to follow the preceding object of the sentence somewhere. See also: Zong
道	Dao	Road: the road leading to the next noun.
导	Dao	Order: a given course of action by a superior.
殿	Dian	A palace hall: a part of a large palace complex.
定	Ding	To conquer: can be used as to pacify when the context is not hostile.
东	Dong	East: wind direction.
功	Gong	Merit: accomplishments that are made by the object of the sentence. Preceding word can indicate what the accomplishment refers to, hence ”战功” will mean merits received from doing battle.
攻	Gong	To attack: precedes target and follows object of the sentence.
公	Gong	Lord: when referring to the person you serve when he/she is not a King or Emperor yet.
宫	Gong	A palace.
户	Hu	A household: a way of calculating taxation from Commanderies used by the Han Dynasty. The more households one controls the more capital and provisions one will be able to use.
还	Huan	To return: the object of the sentence returns from preceding destination.
假	Jia	To give temporarily: let someone borrow an item for a period of time.
践阼	Jian Zuo	To ascend the throne as Emperor: literally means “to climb the steps to the throne.”
教	Jiao	Instructions: written instructions
节	Jie	A highly debated item/position. The one who holds the Jie is allowed to execute affairs without having to check with his superior, is allowed to behead prisoners and officers and can make decisions for the state. Prof. De Crespigny translates the Jie as a Staff of Authority in his translation of Zizhi Tongjian.
进拔	Jin Ba	To occupy: to take the following teritory.
京都	Jing Du	The capital. The current capital of the Empire.
里	Li	Chinese mile. One li equals 2 kilometers.
粮	Liang	Provisions: supplies of food, usually for troops.
良久	Liang Jiu	A long time.
募兵	Mu Bing	To recruit soldiers: to add soldiers to a current army.
叛	Pan	To rebel, revolt.
破	Po	To rout an enemy: to completely defeat an enemy in battle.
前耳	Qian Er	Advantage: have the upper edge of a situation.
人	Ren	Man, person or people. When used together with a place-name, it means that the person or person that is/are the object of the sentence are from this place. Ren can be used with many words, but it always refers to people.
少	Shao	Young/few/little. When talking about a person, this refers to young, or while he/she was young. When combined with other words such as ShaoRen 少人, it means few, in this case “few people”.
召	Shao	To summon: to summon someone for service.
深入	Shen Ru	Penetrate, get through: force a way through somewhere.
属	Shu	To join with: in a hostile situation: to be taken over by.
数	Shu	Frequent: can be used in past and present tense.
署函	Shu Han	Official letter.
数月	Shu Yue	Several months.
不	Tiao	Entice: trick, plan a scheme to throw the enemy off balance.
气	Qi	Spirit: the driving force behind all actions.
遣	Qian	To dispatch: to send the object of the sentence to a location.
迁	Qian	To move up: to move up to a higher rank: be promoted to.
为	Wei	To serve. Often precedes a title or rank.
围	Wei	To lay seige: to besiege the following person or town, or a combination of both. Can also mean charge: making a fast, strong attack against a defensive line.
谓	Wei	To speak to: to talk to following person.
伪	Wei	Fake, false. Can be used in combination with other words, example: “伪降” which means fake surrender.
徙	Xi	Transfer: go from one place to another, usually used to indicate a transfer of an officer.
险	Xian	Danger, dangerous.
降	Xiang	To surrender: surrendering troops/teritory to preceding object of sentence.
行	Xing	To give temporarily: may refer to a right, title, rank or place.
徇	Xun	To conquer: to take by force, precedes target.
也	Ye	An affirmative particle used in classical Chinese. This particle at the end of a sentence is used to confirm that whatever has been said is confirmed. Used in sentences to affirm lineage, place of birth or relations to other people.
以	Yi	Together with: including the next mentioned noun.
邑	Yi	City.
引退	Yin Tui	To withdraw: to stop attacking your target and withdraw your troops.
一与一	Yi Yu Yi	One-on-one: a fight between two people without outside interference.
馀	Yu	Numerary adjunct: More than the number indicated.
语	Yu	To talk to.
缘	Yuan	Along with: used between two nouns.
远征	Yuan Zheng	An expedition: usually a long military expedition to a faraway place.
曰	Yue	Say, said.
在外	Zai Wei	Faraway: marking place at the outer frontier.
战	Zhan	Battle: a fight between different armies.
招	Zhao	To persuade to: used in combination with other nouns, such as “招降” which means to talk [them] into surrender.
转	Zhuai	Turn to: turn around to face a new destination.
字	Zhi	In a name syntax, this indicates a familiar name: a name used by relatives and close friends. In normal context it can mean letter or word.
之后	Zhi Hou	A descendant of: the preceding object of the sentence (the person) is a descendant of whoever is mentioned. The name of the object is taken from the context, while the name of the person he/she descended from precedes Zhi Hou. There may be a numerary adjunct, title or place between the name and Zhi Hou. Example: 本聂壹之后 from Zhang Liao’s bio, would read: [Zhang Liao] was one of the descendant of Shen Nie. Yi here indicates “one of”.
从	Zong	Alternate meaning of Cong. In family relations, Zong is a cousin.

Places:

Hanzi:	Pinyin:	Description
安定	An Ding	Commandery in Liang Province, with 8 cities and around 6,000 households.
安平	An4 Ping1	Commandery in Ji Province, with 13 cities and around 91,000 households.
巴	Ba	Commandery in Yi Province, with 14 cities and around 310,000 households.
北地	Bei Di	Commandery in Liang Province, with 6 cities and around 3,000 households.
北海	Bei Hai	Commandery in Qing Province, with 18 cities and around 158,000 households.
并州	Bing Zhou	Province in north-central China, just south of Ji Province. A small province with 98 cities and 0.7 million people. Ding Yuan served as Imperial Inspector of this Province during the rule of Emperors Ling and Shao.
勃海	Bo1 Hai3	Commandery in Ji Province, with 8 cities and around 132,000 households. Before he became Emperor, Liu Xie held rank as King of Bohai.
蒼梧	Cang Wu	Commandery in Jiao Province, with 11 cities and around 111,000 households.
長沙	Chang Sha	Commandery in Jing Province, with 13 cities and around 255,000 households.
常山	Chang1 Shan4	Commandery in Ji Province, with 13 cities and around 97,000 households. Homecountry of Zhao Yun of Shu.
陳	Chen1	State in Yu Province, with 9 cities and around 120,000 households. The fourth largest State during the Eastern Han.
陳留	Chen Liu	Commandery in Yan Province, with 17 cities and around 177,000 households. Before he became Emperor, Liu Xie held rank as King of Chen Liu.
代	Dai	State in Zhou Province, with 11 cities and around 20,000 households.
丹陽	Dan Yang	Commandery in Jing Province, with 16 cities and around 136,000 households.
定襄	Ding Xiang	Commandery in Bing Province, with 5 cities and around 3,000 households.
東	Dong	State in Ji Province, with 15 cities and around 136,000 households.
東海	Dong Hai	Commandery in Xu Province, with 13 cities and around 148,000 households.
北海	Dong Lai	Commandery in Qing Province, with 13 cities and around 104,000 households. Taishi Ci of Wu was from Huang county in Donglai.
東平	Dong Ping	Commandery in Yan Province, with 7 cities and around 79,000 households.
敦煌	Dun Huang	Commandery in Liang Province, with 6 cities and around 700 households.
樊	Fan	Famous castle where Guan Yu and Cao Ren did battle.
廣漢	Guang Han	Commandery in Yi Province, with 11 cities and around 139,000 households.
廣陵	Guang Ling	Commandery in Xu Province, with 11 cities and around 83,000 households.
廣陽	Guang Yang	Commandery in Zhou Province, with 5 cities and around 44,000 households.
桂陽	Gui Yang	Commandery in Jing Province, with 11 cities and around 135,000 households.
汉	Han4	The Han Dynasty, the first Emperor Liu Bang united China around 200 B.C. and formed the Western Han with its capital in Chang An. Later on it was disolved through rebellion, and around 7 A.D. it was unified again under Han Guangdi, starting the Easter Han with the Capital in Luo Yang. Emperor Xian was the last Han Emperor; he was forced to abdicate by Cao Pi.
漢陽	Han Yang	Commandery in Liang Province, with 13 cities and 27,000 households.
漢中	Han Zhong	Commandery in Yi Province, with 9 cities and 57,000 households. The infamous Rice Sect of Zhang Lu was founded in this commandery at the end of Emperor Ling’s reign. Liu Bei proclaimed himself King of Hanzhong after Cao Pi ascended the throne as Emperor of Wei. Han Zhong was a key commandery in the defense of Yi Province, and was guarded by Wei Yan when Zhuge Liang was in the South.
河北	He Bei	The central plains in the northern part of China, spread across the northern provinces was also called Hebei. Cao Cao and Yuan Shao fought vigorously for control of this land.
河東	He2 Dong4	Commandery in Si Li Province, with 21 cities and around 200,000 households.
合肥	He Fei	The infamous area between Wei and Wu where Cao Cao and Sun Quan waged multiple wars against each other.
河閒	He2 Jian2	Commandery in Ji Province, with 11 cities and around 93,000 households.
河南	He2 Nan2	Commandery in Si Li Province, with 21 cities and around 200,000 households. Luo Yang is located in He Nan.
河內	He2 Nei2	Commandery in Si Li Province, with 21 cities and around 200,000 households.
合浦	He Pu	Commandery in Jiao Province, with 5 cities and around 23,000 households.
弘農	Hong1 Nong1	Commandery in Si Li Province, with 9 cities and around 46,000 households.
濟北	Ji Bei	Commandery in Yan Province, with 5 cities and around 45,000 households.
濟南	Ji Nan	Commandery in Qing Province, with 10 cities and around 78,000 households.
濟陰	Ji Yin	Commandery in Yan Province, with 11 cities amd around 133,000 households.
冀州	Ji2 Zhou4	One of the North-Eastern Provinces, just south of You Province and north of Bing Province. One of the largest provinces with over 4.8 million people and 92 cities.
犍為	Jian Wei	Commandery in Yi Province, with 9 cities and around 137,000 households.
交趾	Jiao Zhi	Commandery in Jiao Province, with 12 cities.
交州	Jiao Zhou	Province in south-central China, south of Yang and Jang Province. A small province with 56 cities and 1.08 million people.
江夏	Jiang Xia	Commandery in Jing Province, with 14 cities and around 58,000 households.
	Jin Cheng	Commandery in Liang Province, with 10 cities and around 3,000 households.
荊州)	Jing Zhou	Province in central China, south of Si Li and north-west of Yang Province. One of the largest provinces with over 6.1 million people and 117 cities.
京兆尹	Jing4 Zhao3 Yin4	Commandery in Si Li Province, with 10 cities and around 53,000 households.
九江	Jiu Jiang	Commandery in Yang Province, with 14 cities and around 89,000 households.
酒泉	Jiu Quan	Commandery in Liang Province, with 9 cities and around 12,000 households.
九真	Jiu Zhen	Commandery in Jiao Province, with 5 cities and around 46,000 households.
鉅鹿	Ju2 Lu2	Commandery in Yi Province, with 15 cities and around 110,000 households.
會稽	Kuai Ji	Commandery in Yang Province, with 14 cities and around 123,000 households. He Qi hailed from Shanyin prefecture in Kuai Ji Commandery.
琅邪	Lang Ye	Commandery in Xu Province, with 13 cities and around 20,000 households.
樂安	Le An	Commandery in Qing Province, with 9 cities and around 74,000 households.
樂浪	Le Lang	Commandery in Zhou Province, with 18 cities and around 61,000 households.
涼州	Liang Zhou	Province in north-west China, just north of Yong Province. A small Province with 92 cities and 0.4 million people.
梁	Liang2	State in Yu Province, with 9 cities and around 83,000 households.
遼東	Liao Dong	State in Zhou Province, with 11 cities and around 64,000 households.
遼西	Liao Xi	State in Zhou Province, with 5 cities and around 14,000 households.
零陵	Ling Ling	Commandery in Jing Province, with 13 cities and around 212,000 households.
隴西	Long Xi	Commandery in Liang Province, with 11 cities and around 5,000 households.
魯	Lu3	State in Yu Province, with 6 cities and around 78,000 households. Zhang Liao held rank as Chief of Lu State.
廬江	Lu Jiang	Commandery in Yang Province, with 14 cities and around 101,000 households.
洛阳	Luo Yang	Capital of the Eastern Han. It was burned by Dong Zhuo and the capital was transferred to Xu. It was restored during the reign of Wen-Di.
马邑	Ma Yi	Prefecture in Yanmen Commandery. Home country of Zhang Liao of Wei.
南	Nan	Commandery in Jing Province, with 17 cities and around 162,000 households.
南海	Nan Hai	Commandery in Jiao Province, with 7 cities and around 71,000 households.
南陽	Nan Yang	Commandery in Jing Province, with 37 cities and around 528,000 households. The largest Commandery during the eastern Han.
沛	Pei2	State in Yu Province, with 21 cities and around 20,000 households. Home country of Cao Cao and his family, as well as first Han Emperor Liu Bang.
彭城	Peng Cheng	Commandery in Yu Province, with 18 cities and around 158,000 households.
平原	Ping Yuan	Commandery in Qing Province, with 9 cities and around 155,000 households.
齊	Qi	State in Qing Province, with 6 cities and around 64,000 households.
青州	Qing Zhou	Province in East-central China, just north of Xu Province. A medium size Province with 65 cities and 2.6 million people.
任城	Ren Cheng	Commandery in Yan Province, with 3 cities and around 36,000 households.
日南	Ri Nan	Commandery in Jiao Province, with 5 cities and around 18,000 households.
汝南	Ru2 Nan3	Commandery in Yu Province, with 37 cities and around 404,000 households. The second largest commandery of the Easter Han.
上黨	Shan Dang	Commandery in Bing Province, with 13 cities and around 26,000 households.
山陽	Shan Yang	Commandery in Yan Province, with 10 cities and around 110,000 households. After he was forced to abdicate, Emperor Xian, or Liu Xie, received the rank of Duke of Shanyang.
上	Shang	State in Bing Province, with 10 cities and around 5,000 households.
上谷	Shang Gu	Commandery in Bing Province, with 8 cities and around 10,000 households.
司隸	Si1 Li2	Province in north central China. With 106 cities and over 3 million people. The former Han Capital Luo Yang is in Si Li province.
蜀	Shu3	State in Yi Province, with 11 cities and around 300,000 households. The area of Yizhou was also called Ba-Shu. After Liu Bei had taken Yizhou he declared his Empire to be the Shu-Han. It is present-day Shichuan, home of good silk and spicy food.
朔方	Shuo Fang	Commandery in Bing Province, with 6 cities and around 2,000 households.
泰山	Tai Shan	Commandery in Yan Province, with 10 cities and around 110,000 households.
太原	Tai Yuan	Commandery in Bing Province, with 16 cities and around 30,000 households.
魏	Wei4	Commandery in Ji Province, with 15 cities and around 130,000 houesholds. The Kingdom and later Empire of Wei. Founded by Cao Cao and continued by his sons and grandsons. Cao Pi became the first Emperor of Wei when he forced the Han Emperor Xian to abdicate. Wei eventually fell because of internal discord, and was replaced by the Jin dynasty.
吳	Wu2	Commandery in Yang Province, with 13 cities and around 140,000 households. Also the name of the Wu family married to the Sun family through Lady Wu and Sun Jian. Sun Quan named his country Wu and declared himself the first Emperor of Wu. The last Emperor was Sun Hao, who surrendered his Kingdom to Sima Yan of Jin.
武都	Wu Du	Commandery in Liang Province, with 7 cities and around 20,000 households.
武陵	Wu Ling	Commandery in Yang Province, with 12 cities and around 46,000 households.
武威	Wu Wei	Commandery in Liang Province, with 12 cities and around 46,000 households.
五原	Wu Yuan	Commandery in Bing Province, with 10 cities and around 4,000 households.
西河	Xi He	Commandery in Bing Province, with 13 cities and around 6,000 households.
下邳	Xia Pi	Commandery in Xu Province, with 17 cities and around 136,000 households.
徐州	Xu Zhou	Province in east China, just east of Yan Province. A medium size province with 62 cities and 2.7 million people.
玄菟	Xuan Tu	Commandery in Zhou Province, with 6 cities and around 1,500 households.
鴈門	Yan Men	Commandery in Bing Province, with 14 cities and arond 31,000 households. Zhang Liao hailed from Mayi Prefecture in Yanmen Commandery.
兗州	Yan Zhou	Province in central-east China, just west of Xu Province. A large province with 3.8 million people and 80 cities.
揚州	Yang Zhou	Province in south-east China, just south of Yu Province. A large province with 4.2 million people and 92 cities. Yang was protected by the Yangtze river and was conquered by Sun Ce to form the foundation of the later Wu Kingdom.
鄴	Ye	City in Ji Province, an important city held by Yuan Shao. After his death, Cao Cao and Zhang Liao took it from Yuan Tan. Presently a city in Hunan.
益州	Yi Zhou	Province in south-west China, just south of Yong Province. A large Province with 109 cities and 6.1 million people. Also the name of a Commandery in the same Province, with 17 cities and around 29,000 houesholds. Liu Zhang served as Imperial Inspector of Yi. He lost his land to his cousin Liu Bei, who used it to found his Kingdom of Shu.
阴安	Yin An	City in the Hebei area, it was taken away from Yuan Shao by Zhang Liao and Yue Jin.
潁川	Ying1 Chuan1	Commandery in Yu Province, with 17 cities and around 260,000 households.
永昌	Yong Chang	Commandery in Yu Province, with 8 cities and around 231,000 households.
右北平	You Bei Ping	Commandery in Zhou Province, with 4 cities and around 9,000 households.
右扶風	You2 Fu1 Feng4	Commandery in Si Li Province, with 15 cities and around 17,000 households.
幽州	You Zhou	Province in far north-east China, just north of Ji Province. A small province with 84 cities and 1.9 million people.
鬱林	Yu Lin	Commandery in Jiao Province, with 11 cities.
漁陽	Yu Yang	Commandery in Zhou Province, with 9 cities and around 68,000 households.
豫章	Yu Zhang	Commandery in Yang Province, with 21 cities and around 406,000 households.
雲中	Yun Zhong	Commandery in Bing Province, with 11 cities and around 5,000 households.
越巂	Yue Sui	Commandery in Yi Province, with 14 cities and around 130,000 households.
豫州	Yu2 Zhou4	Province in central-east China, just north of the river Huai. With 99 cities and 6 million people.
牂牁	Zang Ge	Commandery in Yi Province, with 16 cities and around 31,000 households.
張掖	Zhang Ye	Commandery in Liang Province, with 8 cities and around 6,000 households.
趙	Zhao2	State in Ji Province, with 5 cities and around 32,000 households.
中山	Zhong2 Shan4	Commandery in Ji Province, with 13 cities and around 97,000 households.
涿	Zhuo	State in Zhou Province, with 7 cities and around 100,000 households.
左馮翊	Zuo3 Ping1 Yi2	Commandery in Si Li Province, with 13 cities and around 37,000 households.

People:

Hanzi:	Pinyin:	Description
曹仁	Cao Ren	Cousin of Cao Cao from a different line. He lead troops against Zhou Yu at Nan Commandery and later attacked Guan Yu at Fan Castle.
昌豨	Chang Xi	An officer who held Donghai, he was beseiged by Xiahou Yuan and Zhang Liao, and the latter convinced him to surrender. After which he served Cao Cao.
陈兰	Chen Lam	He enticed the Di tribe to rebel against Cao Cao. He was beaten by Zhang Liao and Yu Jin at Mount Qian, and was beheaded after the battle
丁原	Ding Yuan	Officer of the Eastern Han. Imperial Inspector of Bing Province. First officer who hired Zhang Liao. He helped Yuan Shao in disposing of the eunuchs after the death of Emperor Ling. He was killed by Lu Bu when the Dong Zhuo took over the capital.
董卓	Dong Zhuo	Officer of the Easter Han. He took the Imperial Court by force after He Jin was killed by the eunuchs. He deposed of Emperor Shao and placed Emperor Xian on the throne. He was involved in several brutal assassinations and war crimes. He was killed by his adopted son Lü Bu.
关羽	Guan Yu	Compartriot of Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. He served as a minor general of Liu Bei and was later put in charge of the defense of Jing Province. He was defeated and beheaded by Lu Meng of Wu.
何进	He Jin	Uncle of Emperor Shao of the Later Han. He was killed by the eunuchs in 189 A.D. His biography can be found here.
虎贲	Hu Ben	The Tiger Guard, a special unit comprised of brave men who are then stationed at the capital to protect the Emperor. The men who fought under Zhang Liao at Hefei against Sun Quan were made the Tiger Guards of Wen-di. Yuan Shu held the rank of captain of the Tiger Guard.
李傕	Li Jue	Vassal of Dong Zhuo. He attacked Luoyang after Lü Bu had killed Dong Zhuo. For a time he controlled the court, but he was defeated by Cao Cao.
寇将	Liu Yi	A thief who was captured by Zhang Liao and then surrendered to Cao Cao.
吕布	Lü Bu	Officer of Ding Yuan and Dong Zhuo, he later took Xu Province himself. His biography can be found here.
梅成	Mei Cheng	A friend of Chen Lan. He enticed the Di tribe to revolt against Cao Cao. When Cao Cao sent Yu Jin after him, he faked surrender and fled to join Chen Lan. He and Chen Lan were defeated and beheaded by Zhang Liao and Yu Jin at Mount Qian.
牛盖	Niu Ge	A junior officer under Zhang Liao and Zhang He. He assisted in the attack against Chen Lan.
本聂	Shen Nie	Officer of the Western Han, he was a spy who infiltrated the Northern Xiong Nu tribe. Zhang Liao is one of his descendants.
蹋顿	Ta Dun	Chieftain of the Wuhan tribe in North China. He aided Yuan Shang when he was attacked by Cao Cao, but he routed by Zhang Liao and beheaded.
太医	Tai Yi	The Imperial Physician. the personal doctor of the Emperor.
太祖	Tai Zu	Grand Progenitor: the post-humous temple name of Cao Cao. Throughout SGZ this is the way Chen Shou refers to him.
文帝	Wen Di	Emperor Wen, the title of Cao Pi, fist Wei Emperor. In SGZ he is most always referred to with his title. His biography can be found here.
夏侯渊	Xiahou Yuan	Cousin of Cao Cao of Pei. He served as a high ranking general for many years. His biography can be found here.
袁绍	Yuan Shao	Officer of the later Eastern Han. He was defeated by Cao Cao and died soon after. His biography can be found here.
袁尚	Yuan Shang	Youngest son of Yuan Shao, he was chosen to be heir over his older brother Yuan Tan. He used the Wuhan tribe to withstand Cao Cao’s invasion but was beaten back by Zhang Liao.
袁谭	Yuan Tan	Oldest son of Yuan Shao, he was passed over as heir to his father’ position and seperated his forces from his brother Yuan Shang. He was defeated at Ye by Cao Cao.
臧霸	Zang Ba	Former thief who joined Cao Cao. Together with Yu Jin he forced Mei Cheng to surrender.
张汎	Zhang Fan	Older brother of Zhang Liao, he was made Marquis when Cao Pi became Prince of Wei.
张虎	Zhang Hu	Son of Zhang Liao, served as Lieutenant-General.
张鲁	Zhang Lu	Religious leader of the Rice Sect in Han Zhong which started at the end of Emperor Ling’s reign. Zhang Lu was defeated by Cao Cao and surrendered himself, he then served Wei untill his death.
张统	Zhang Tong	Son of Zhang Tong, he inherited his father’s position as Lieutenant-General.